How Peripheral Neuropathy Alters Gait and Ulcer Risk
Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves in the peripheral nervous system, which is responsible for sending messages between the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The most common cause of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes, affecting approximately 60-70% of people with diabetes. Peripheral neuropathy can also be caused by other factors such as infections, traumatic injuries, and exposure to toxins.
Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy can result in a variety of symptoms including numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected areas. These symptoms usually start in the feet and can gradually spread to the hands, arms, and legs. In some cases, the nerves that control muscles can also be affected, leading to muscle weakness, coordination problems, and difficulty walking.
One of the most concerning effects of peripheral neuropathy is its impact on gait and balance. Gait refers to the way a person walks, including their posture, stride length, and step frequency. Peripheral neuropathy can cause changes in gait, leading to an altered walking pattern. This can result in a person walking with an unsteady or shuffling gait, which can increase their risk of falls and injuries.
Gait Changes and Ulcer Risk
In addition to changes in gait, peripheral neuropathy can also increase the risk of developing foot ulcers. Foot ulcers are open sores that can develop on the bottom of the foot, often due to high pressure or friction. These ulcers can be difficult to heal and can lead to serious complications, especially in people with diabetes.
Peripheral neuropathy can alter the sensations in the feet, making it difficult to feel pain or discomfort. This can be dangerous as a person may not realize they have an ulcer until it has become severe. In addition, the changes in gait caused by peripheral neuropathy can increase pressure and friction on certain areas of the feet, making them more susceptible to developing ulcers.
Managing Peripheral Neuropathy and Reducing Ulcer Risk
Early detection and management of peripheral neuropathy is crucial in reducing the risk of ulcers and other complications. This includes maintaining good blood sugar control, as high blood sugar levels can damage nerves and worsen peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, regular foot exams and proper foot care can also help prevent foot ulcers. This includes checking feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or sores, wearing comfortable and properly fitting shoes, and keeping feet clean and moisturized.
Physical therapy can also be helpful in managing the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and improving gait and balance. A physical therapist can provide exercises and activities to improve muscle strength and coordination, as well as techniques to improve balance and reduce the risk of falls.
Conclusion
Peripheral neuropathy is a common condition that can have a significant impact on gait and ulcer risk. It is important for individuals with diabetes or other risk factors for peripheral neuropathy to be aware of these potential complications and take steps to manage and prevent them. With proper management and care, the risk of ulcers and other complications can be greatly reduced, improving overall quality of life.
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